A strong genetic link since ADHD can run in families

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobiological disorder with onset in childhood that is characterized by developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity... 

The symptoms shown in ADHD are linked to many specific brain areas, and are influenced by the activity of stress-signaling pathways that control attention and behavior in the brain’s prefrontal cortex...

Symptoms related to hyperactivity may lessen over time and become more subtle, while those of inattention and distraction remain throughout adulthood... Thus, poor school performance may intensify due to increased demands and expectations... 

Causes...  a strong genetic link since ADHD can run in families... Other factors... exposure to lead or pesticides in early childhood ? premature birth or low birth weight ? brain injury ? prenatal exposure to alcohol or drugs... 

Treat ADHD... Parent and child education about ADHD diagnosis, its causes, and the course of treatment ? Behavioral therapy for the child to manage his/her behaviors and acquire new skills ? Mental health counseling for the child, as well as the family, to address relationship, self esteem, discipline, and parenting concerns, among other issues ? Parent training classes or programs to help them address the child’s behavior ? Educational program modifications and supports, including IEPs, tutoring, and special education programs ? ADHD medication prescription, in conjunction with regular monitoring... 

Without appropriate identification and treatment, a child who has ADHD can experience serious consequences, including school failure, depression, conduct problems, failed relationships, and substance abuse...